基礎英文: 10月 2009

初級文法句型
第一章時式
1-1 總論

>. 簡單/ 進行 /完成 /完成進行
現在 ● / ● / ● / ●
過去 ● / ● / ● / X
未來 ● / X / X / X

1-2 現在簡單式
(一) be 動詞基本句型
肯定句 This is my sister, Sally.
疑問句 Are you Susan?
否定句 I am not a singer.

(二) 一般動詞
①非三單基本句型
肯定句 I write to her every day.
疑問句 Do you have a dog at home?
否定句 I do not like comic books.

② 三單基本句型
肯定句 He likes Jazz.
疑問句 Does he go to school by bus?
否定句 He doesn’t like comic books

(一) 簡單式表規律、事實，常與頻率副詞連用。
頻率副詞:
always
usually
often
sometimes
seldom
never
once a week
twice a seek.

例句:
He goes to a movie once a week.
H went to school five days a week.

1-3 過去簡單式
(一) be 動詞基本句型→ was & were
肯定句 She was a wonderful singer.
疑問句 Were you in New York in 1992?
否定句 I was not happy in junior high school.

(二) 一般動詞
① 過去式動詞的變化
a. 規則變化:
play played played

b. 不規則變化:
go went gone

② 基本句型
肯定句 I wrote short stories.
疑問句 Did you have a dog at home?
否定句 I didn’t like comic books.

(三) 過去式的時間副詞
two days ago
yesterday
last night
this morning,
in 1779
1-4 未來式
(一) 基本句型
① will
肯定句 I will give Mary a watch for her birthday.
疑問句 Will you be my partner in 2010?
否定句 I will not (won’t) answer any questions tomorrow.

② be going to
肯定句 I am going to give Mary a watch for her birthday.
疑問句 Are you going be my partner in 2010?
否定句 I am not going to answer any questions tomorrow.

(二) 注意事項
① 主要子句(未來式) + 副詞子句(現在式)
If it rains tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.
When he comes back home, I will tell him the bad news.

② 現在進行式代替未來式
Don is coming to the party tomorrow night.
We’re going to a movie tonight.
Bob is taking a taxi to the airport tomorrow.

1-5 現在進行式→ be + v-ing
(一) 基本句型
肯定句 I am studying English now.
疑問句 Are you watching TV?
否定句 I am not reading the newspaper.

1-6 過去進行式→ was/were + v-ing
(一) 基本句型
肯定句 I was studying English at 10 yesterday.
疑問句 Were you watching TV?
否定句 I was not reading the newspaper.

(二) 注意事項
① When + 過去式， while + 過去進行式
When the phone rang, I was sleeping.
→ I was sleeping when the phone rang.

While I was doing my homework, Mary was watching TV.
→ Mary was watching TV while I was doing my homework.

② used to + v 曾經
I used to ride my bicycle to school, but now I drive to school.

1-7 現在完成式→ have/has pp
(一) 基本句型
肯定句 I have taught English for 10 years.
疑問句 Has he been in New York for a long time?
否定句 I haven’t called him yet.

(二) 注意事項
① have/has been to 曾經去過
He has been to Europe twice.

② have /has been in 曾經住過
I have been in Japan before.

③ have/has gone to 已經去
He has gone to the United to US.

④ How long have/has +　Ｓ
How long has Bill lived in Taipei?

⑤ for + 一段時間\ since　＋　特定時間
He has learned English for three years.
He has learned English since 1997.

⑥ ever(曾經)　never(從不)
John has ever studied in Japan.
Ｉhave never seen Mary for a long time.

1-8 過去完成式→ had + pp
(一) 基本句型
肯定句 I had taught English for 10 years.
疑問句 Had he been in New York for a long time?
否定句 I hadn’t called him yet.

1-9 現在完成進行式→ have has + been v-ing
(一) 基本句型
肯定句 I has been talking to Josh on the for twenty minutes.
疑問句 Have you been eating hot dogs for an hours? X
未來
●
X
X
X

1-2 現在簡單式
(一) be 動詞基本句型
肯定句 This is my sister, Sally.
疑問句 Are you Susan?
否定句 I am not a singer.

(二) 一般動詞
①非三單基本句型
肯定句 I write to her every day.
疑問句 Do you have a dog at home?
否定句 I do not like comic books.

② 三單基本句型
肯定句 He likes Jazz.
疑問句 Does he go to school by bus?
否定句 He doesn’t like comic books

(一) 簡單式表規律、事實，常與頻率副詞連用。
頻率副詞:
always
usually
often
sometimes
seldom
never
once a week
twice a seek.

例句:
He goes to a movie once a week.
H went to school five days a week.

1-3 過去簡單式
(一) be 動詞基本句型→ was & were
肯定句 She was a wonderful singer.
疑問句 Were you in New York in 1992?
否定句 I was not happy in junior high school.

(二) 一般動詞
① 過去式動詞的變化
a. 規則變化:
play played played

b. 不規則變化:
go went gone

② 基本句型
肯定句 I wrote short stories.
疑問句 Did you have a dog at home?
否定句 I didn’t like comic books.

(三) 過去式的時間副詞
two days ago
yesterday
last night
this morning,
in 1779
1-4 未來式
(一) 基本句型
① will
肯定句 I will give Mary a watch for her birthday.
疑問句 Will you be my partner in 2010?
否定句 I will not (won’t) answer any questions tomorrow.

② be going to
肯定句 I am going to give Mary a watch for her birthday.
疑問句 Are you going be my partner in 2010?
否定句 I am not going to answer any questions tomorrow.

(二) 注意事項
① 主要子句(未來式) + 副詞子句(現在式)
If it rains tomorrow, I’ll stay at home.
When he comes back home, I will tell him the bad news.

② 現在進行式代替未來式
Don is coming to the party tomorrow night.
We’re going to a movie tonight.
Bob is taking a taxi to the airport tomorrow.

1-5 現在進行式→ be + v-ing
(一) 基本句型
肯定句 I am studying English now.
疑問句 Are you watching TV?
否定句 I am not reading the newspaper.

1-6 過去進行式→ was/were + v-ing
(一) 基本句型
肯定句 I was studying English at 10 yesterday.
疑問句 Were you watching TV?
否定句 I was not reading the newspaper.

(二) 注意事項
① When + 過去式， while + 過去進行式
When the phone rang, I was sleeping.
→ I was sleeping when the phone rang.

While I was doing my homework, Mary was watching TV.
→ Mary was watching TV while I was doing my homework.

② used to + v 曾經
I used to ride my bicycle to school, but now I drive to school.

1-7 現在完成式→ have/has pp
(一) 基本句型
肯定句 I have taught English for 10 years.
疑問句 Has he been in New York for a long time?
否定句 I haven’t called him yet.

(二) 注意事項
① have/has been to 曾經去過
He has been to Europe twice.

② have /has been in 曾經住過
I have been in Japan before.

③ have/has gone to 已經去
He has gone to the United to US.

④ How long have/has +　Ｓ
How long has Bill lived in Taipei?

⑤ for + 一段時間\ since　＋　特定時間
He has learned English for three years.
He has learned English since 1997.

⑥ ever(曾經)　never(從不)
John has ever studied in Japan.
Ｉhave never seen Mary for a long time.

1-8 過去完成式→ had + pp
(一) 基本句型
肯定句 I had taught English for 10 years.
疑問句 Had he been in New York for a long time?
否定句 I hadn’t called him yet.

1-9 現在完成進行式→ have has + been v-ing
(一) 基本句型
肯定句 I has been talking to Josh on the for twenty minutes.
疑問句 Have you been eating hot dogs for an hours?